OpenAI

Common

The maker of ChatGPT, which in its early years also built a robot hand that solved a Rubik's Cube.

OpenAI is an AI company founded in San Francisco in December 2015 by Sam Altman, Elon Musk, Ilya Sutskever, Greg Brockman, and others. It is best known for the GPT model series and ChatGPT, and it also created CLIP and Sora. Its earlier connection to embodied AI was robotics: from 2018 to 2019, its Dactyl project combined reinforcement learning with domain randomization to train a Shadow dexterous hand in simulation, then transferred that policy to solve a Rubik's Cube on the real hand; the robotics team was reportedly disbanded in 2021. In November 2024, OpenAI hired Caitlin Kalinowski to lead robotics and consumer hardware, and she resigned in March 2026. The company converted to a public-benefit corporation structure in October 2025, and was valued at about $852 billion post-money in April 2026.

ExampleMany robot-learning models use OpenAI's CLIP as a vision or text encoder, placing images and language into the same embedding space.

Related: Dactyl · CLIP · OpenAI GPT Series · Sora · Automatic Domain Randomization
Sources: OpenAI - Wikipedia
Caitlin Kalinowski - Wikipedia
Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Hand
As of: 2026-04