Hardware-Software Integration

Hardware and algorithms designed and tuned together by the same party, delivered as one combined solution.

This means a robot's hardware — its body, sensors, and compute platform — and its software — control, perception, and models — are designed, tuned, and delivered together as a single package. It differs from full-stack in-house development in emphasis: full-stack in-house stresses that every layer is built internally, while hardware-software integration stresses that the hardware and software are well matched and work together out of the box for the customer, with some of the hardware possibly bought in from outside. The reasoning is that an embodied model's performance depends heavily on the specific robot body it runs on — where the camera sits, how much delay a joint has, how fast the control loop runs — all of which affect a policy's performance, and building hardware and software separately makes them easy to mismatch. The opposite concept is hardware-software decoupling, where a model tries not to be tied to one specific robot body, so a single brain can adapt to many different robots.

ExampleReportedly, Xingyuanzhi Robotics doesn't build its own robot body, but it delivers its embodied-brain model together with an on-device compute platform as one package, describing its approach as hardware-software integration with on-device deployment.

Related

Full-Stack In-House Development · Hardware-Software Decoupling · Robot Body Maker · Robot-Brain (Model-Only) Company · On-Device / Edge Deployment · One Brain, Multiple Robots

Sources

新京报：星源智完成 Pre-A 轮融资 (Chinese)
36氪：无界动力 (Chinese)

As of

2026-06